2002年11月，狮子座流星雨划过夜空。
摄影：B.A.E. INC., ALAMY
撰文：Andrew Fazekas
一年一度的狮子座流星雨即将达到高潮，天文爱好者们可要准备好啦！
北京时间11月18日凌晨1点左右，狮子座流星雨将达到极大。当天是农历十月初一，新一轮月相刚刚开始，因此，月亮并不会发出任何光辉，遮挡本已暗淡的流星。在远离城市灯光的黑暗地带，观测者可以在极大值的时段，每小时看到10到25颗流星。
与其它一年一度的流星雨一样，狮子座流星雨也是地球进入其它彗星留下的碎屑带才形成的，比如，狮子座流星雨进入的就是坦普-图特彗星的碎屑带。坦普-图特彗星是一颗来自于太阳系外侧的冰冻访客，人类最早发现它是在1865年，它上一次被地球的观测者看到是在1998年。
当彗星接近太阳，融化的冰层就会释放出一块块尘埃，很多尘埃与砂砾大小差不多。这些尘埃聚集在彗星的公转轨道上。每年大约同一个时间，地球都会闯入这个碎屑带，一些尘埃就会在地球大气层里燃烧，产生明亮的流星。
狮子座流星雨以其“喜怒无常”而闻名，因为它偶尔会迸发出如暴雨般的流星雨。大约每隔33年，狮子座流星雨就会正儿八经地表演一回，每小时的流星能达到几百颗。
上一次这么壮观的流星雨是在2001年，当时每小时有3000多颗流星。但是，奠定狮子座流星雨神一般地位的，当属1833年的那场“流星暴”。有记录称，每小时的流星数量高达72000颗。
2009年，狮子座流星雨从日本高知县的夜空飞过。
摄影：THE ASAHI SHIMBUN, GETTY IMAGES
尽管预测流星雨的密度尚有难度，不过，以往几次流星雨大爆发，几乎都恰好是地球穿过特密碎屑带的时候，而科学家认为，这些特密碎屑带都是坦普-图特彗星在距离太阳最近的时候留下的。
根据目前的计算结果，2031年和2064年，这颗彗星将会返回到我们的附近。但是，直到2099年，我们地球才能再次进入那个超密的碎屑带。天文学家称，如果我们的地球穿过某个目前未知的稠密碎屑带，我们也将有机会看到几次稍弱的爆发。
因此，尽管专家们并不指望今年的狮子座流星雨会多么惊人，但是，仍然值得在这11月的夜晚看看它究竟表现如何。狮子座流星雨还有一个著名的地方在于，它偶尔会产生超级明亮的火流星。如果碎屑带里还有较大的物体，比如鹅卵石甚至大岩块，产生的火流星就非常壮观。天文爱好者们可要擦亮眼睛哟！
何地观看流星雨
狮子座流星雨之所以得名，是因为流星看上去是从狮子座方向辐射而来。每年这个时候，狮子座流星雨会在深夜时分从东北方向升起。流星看上去似乎能划过整个夜空，但如果你仔细观察，就会发现每颗流星都来自狮子座。
插图：A. FAZEKAS, SKY CHART
北半球的观测者们占据了绝佳的位置，不过，南半球的人们应该也能看到不少流星。
何时观看流星雨
11月17日深夜到第二天凌晨，是各地观看狮子座流星雨的最佳时刻。届时，狮子座将会升到整晚的最高点。
流星雨极大值将会出现在凌晨1点前后，那时的夜空将会最暗。
狮子座流星雨经常会有明亮的火流星，其中很多会产生持续很久的“尾巴”。一些最亮的火流星，甚至会留下惹眼而又短暂的烟迹。
如何观看流星雨
观看流星雨的最佳工具就是你的双眼，无需使用任何望远镜。由于流星雨可能会划过头顶的大片天空，最佳的观看方式是斜躺在躺椅上。如果能与小伙伴背靠背一起躺着，就能注意到整个夜空的动向。
北半球一些地方的夜晚越来越冷，观看璀璨流星的同时，别忘了裹上毯子。哦。对了，还有保温杯。
祝天朗气清，多多许愿！
（译者：mikegao）
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}, shareInfo: { shareUrl: 'https://m.toutiao.com/i6488921116722070029/', abstract: '2002年11月，狮子座流星雨划过夜空。摄影：B.A.E. INC., ALAMY撰文：Andrew Fazekas一年一度的狮子座流星雨即将达到高潮，天文爱好者们可要准备好啦！北京时间11月18日凌晨1点左右，狮子座流星雨将达到极大。转载请注明：微图摘 » 华夏地理：2017年狮子座流星雨观测指南
